Transcript
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In today's episode we speak to Tracy Conan, a forensic accountant with over 25 years of experience.
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She uses her super sleuth skills as a forensic accountant uncovering hidden money in corporate fraud, high net worth divorces and all kinds of financial mischief.
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If you are or know somebody who is approaching divorce or want to avoid it, this episode is for you.
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Hey babe, what are we talking about today?
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I'm really excited because today we are talking about a topic that we have not ever covered on the podcast, and that is financial fraud investigation.
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And we're going to get into it with an expert who's been investigating fraudulent money behaviors, but especially when it comes to divorces.
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So listen up.
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If you're going through a divorce, planning your divorce, this is an episode you do not want to miss, because we're going to dig into all the juicy details of what to look for so that you don't get got in your divorce.
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And we're doing that with an expert, because we are not experts on finding you money.
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We are experts in helping you grow your money.
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But we've got Tracy with us today, and she is an expert and we're going to get into it.
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Tracy, welcome to the Sugar Daddy podcast.
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Hey, it is great to be here, but I am going to throw something in there.
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Even if you don't think you're going to get divorced, you think your marriage is solid.
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We're going to talk about some ways that you can protect yourself, just in case, because you just never know.
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That's exactly right.
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Well, you know and we talked about this After almost nine years of marriage, we just finalized our post nup.
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We are now big believers in the pre-nup, so, like, let's just put all the protections in place.
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Love is great, we want your relationship to work out, but life be life and and you've got to have protections in place.
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So we're going to get into all of that.
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That's a great call out.
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Let's get into this bio so that we understand exactly all of your expertise, your years in the business, and then we're going to get into your first money memory.
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Tracy Conan has been investigating fraud for more than 25 years, but she didn't always want to be a forensic accountant, With the dream of one day being a prison warden.
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Okay, we're going to talk about that.
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Tracy went to Marquette University and studied criminology A class on financial crime investigations reminded her how much she loved Encyclopedia Brown books as a kid.
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She continued her criminology degree but added accounting and economics courses so she could become a CPA.
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And here Tracy is finding money in cases of corporate fraud, high net worth, divorce and other financial shenanigans.
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I can't wait to dig into the shenanigans and also who wants to be a prison warden.
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Absolutely no one other than me.
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This is what I found out.
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Like people are blown away by that statement, but it is true I, when I was trying to decide where to go to college and I had the cup, a couple of finalists, and I was looking at the different majors that were available and I decided that I wanted to be a criminology major.
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I knew I was always fascinated by documentaries on prisons.
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That was kind of my thing to watch on TV.
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And so I'm like, well, what would I do as a career?
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And I, you know, back then we weren't researching this on the internet.
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We had to go to the library and look at books and things like that.
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But I came across the concept of being a prison warden.
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I was like, oh my gosh, this would be perfect because there are so many groups of people who can be helped when I'm a good prison warden.
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Right, we have the offenders themselves, who generally probably don't have a good experience in prison, and I want to help make some change there.
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You have the employees of the prison who are maybe not in the happiest work situation.
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I can impact them.
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And then there are victims of the offenders who feel like the system isn't fair.
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What can I do to help them feel like there is some justice?
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And then I bring the circle back around to helping the offenders rehabilitate.
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So when they go back out into the world they have job opportunities and things like that.
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I felt like there were so many ways that I could help society from one job that people say who wants to do that for a living?
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All right, real quick, I want to speak to the person listening who feels like they can't work with a financial planner yet because they're carrying a lot of debt.
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First of all, I see you and I need you to know you're not broken, you're not behind, you're just in a tough season.
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I created something just for you because I've had people reach out who are serious about changing their money story.
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But the full financial planning package just wasn't the right fit yet.
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So I built a new service through Oak City Financial that's focused completely on debt reduction.
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No fluff, no shame.
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You'll get a one-time planning session, a personalized payoff strategy, your own financial dashboard and monthly coaching.
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If you want extra support while you climb out, it's $300 to get started and $100 a month.
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If you want that ongoing guidance, that's it.
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This is about helping you get unstuck, not making you feel like you failed.
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If this sounds like what you've been needing, go ahead and schedule a call with me.
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The link is in the show notes.
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Let's take the first step together.
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Well, when you put it like that, I mean, wow, what an impact you could have made.
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So kudos to you for really seeing the big picture and wanting to be a true helper in the community.
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But I've literally never heard anybody say that and I don't think I'm going to hear that again.
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So you're truly one in a million.
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Yeah, I have a criminology minor and never thought about being a warden.
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Yeah, no, no, no.
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Well, it's interesting because when I graduated with my criminology degree, I had a lot of accounting and economics classes, but I couldn't get a job in that field.
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I needed more.
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So I went on to get an MBA and I was going to sit for the CPA exam, which I did.
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But in the meantime I needed to earn a living, and so I was a probation officer.
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So I got an upfront look at the criminal justice system as a probation officer.
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So I got an upfront look at the criminal justice system as a probation officer and, my goodness, if I had stayed there.
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I wouldn't have stayed there.
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I probably would have tapped out after five years if I didn't have this alternate plan in place already.
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Well, thank you for the pivot, because we are excited to get into what you're doing now as a trained CPA.
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You've been in this career for more than two decades.
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Before we go into all of that, we want to hear your first money memory.
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So I was thinking about this, and I don't specifically have a money memory.
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I don't know what that would be, but here is what I discovered in adulthood that I didn't know as a child.
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Okay.
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I did not know as a child that we were solidly lower class.
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I had no realization of that because we owned a home.
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That, by the way, my parents had a mortgage with an 18% interest rate on it, and so my dad worked in a factory, my mom stayed at home and every bit of extra money they had went towards that mortgage.
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They would make double mortgage payments as often as possible.
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And what I also didn't know was how tightly we were budgeted.
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I knew that I got to go have dance lessons and things like that, but I didn't think about where the money came from.
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And in adulthood I discovered through conversations with my mom who handled the budget, that her creative budgeting of course included clipping coupons aggressively, that I knew Going to the store on double coupon day, never buying any item at the grocery store unless it was on sale.
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Literally never bought an item unless it was on sale.
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And then during summer we had a very large garden and the money that my mom saved on groceries in summer was used to buy Christmas gifts.
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And, interestingly enough, santa brought things like a new toothbrush, new pajamas, new school clothes.
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Grandma and grandpa got us toys, but Santa, for for the most part, brought things that we were going to need anyway.
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Wow, what a great moment of reflection and now understanding like the sacrifice to that your parents were making and how they did that with making it so that we didn't even notice.
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I can't even comprehend.
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Yeah, I also.
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I've also heard to that.
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You know you're growing up in maybe the lower socioeconomic level, that you're around your peers.
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So you know the person to your left, the person to your right.
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It's in the same situation, so it doesn't seem like there's any variance there, you know.
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Yeah, I, I just I didn't think about it.
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You know, for us we could during the summer, twice we got to go to Dairy Queen to get an ice cream cone in the evening and that was a big deal to us because it was only twice in the summer.
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And I think about now how kids would really complain if that was the deal and they couldn't go get treats like that on a routine basis.
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For us treats were store-bought cookies, because mom always made the cookies from scratch because it was cheaper and they tasted better.
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But on that rare occasion we got store-bought cookies, like maybe grandma brought them over or something.
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That was a big deal, oh my gosh.
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Oh, it just makes you appreciate, though, how, how hard our parents worked and how the sacrifices that they made to make sure that you have what you need, even if you're getting it quote unquote from Santa, but also that you don't feel the impact of, you know, really struggling and kind of making it and getting by.
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So that's good parenting, right there, yeah.
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I agree.
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Let's get into your work now because it's so interesting.
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I mean, you know, we watch the shows and we hear about money laundering and you know the fraudulent things happening in corporate and we see that on the news and in the movies.
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But what you're doing now is so interesting because you're really, I would assume, helping women mostly get the most out of their divorce.
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Correct me if I'm wrong there.
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Yes, so the divorce work is really only about a third of my practice.
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The other two thirds is stuff like executive stealing from companies, people who have been charged with white collar crimes like embezzlement I do help to defend them.
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Charged with white collar crimes like embezzlement I do help to defend them.
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Companies arguing with other companies about transactions gone wrong and who lost money and how much.
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Or maybe even like business divorces, where partners are having accusations between each other about money, shenanigans and things like that.
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So, in regard to the divorce, yes, it usually is most often the women that I am retained to help, and that's because, as far as we've come in this world, women are still, the vast majority of the time, the lesser earner, in the lesser position of power when it comes to the finances in the marriage, and so they are the ones who are needing help to look for is.
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Is everything there?
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Did we find everything?
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Can you untangle these, these finances?
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My husband is telling me this is what we have, this is all we have.
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It's all fine.
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I've been looking after it, but is it really all fine?
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Is it really all there?
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Yeah, out of the those three components that you just mentioned, which one is your favorite?
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Which three components.
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So if you're thinking about like corporate versus the divorce, work versus you know, working with maybe business partners, my favorite is white collar criminal defense.
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So I why yeah?
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Listen, when the federal government is coming after someone and charging them with a crime like money laundering or tax fraud or something like that, they come in full force and they have a tendency to be wrong in their numbers, sometimes intentionally aggressive.
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Many times Sometimes they just weren't thorough and careful enough, and my job is to help defend this person, because many of my clients are guilty of crimes.
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However, they deserve to get punished for what they're truly guilty of, not some made up number.
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They are, you know.
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They deserve to have someone like me going through the numbers and making sure that the numbers are accurate, and so I like that advocacy part of it, because criminals need love too, and some of my some of my clients are not guilty.
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I just had a few weeks ago a criminal trial in San Francisco.
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My client was absolutely not guilty of a crime.
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He made a big mistake in his business, but we believed it was not a crime and it took a couple years of his life, many hundreds of 1000s of dollars, to defend himself and at the end of the day he went home.
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We got a not guilty verdict.
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Wow, yeah, I mean that's impactful work.
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I mean you're really impacting people's lives for the positive.
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And I mean, can we just pause for a second?
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You mean the government isn't always accurate with their numbers.
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Gasp, I can't imagine.
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Hard to believe, hard to believe.
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I'm just on the floor.
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And also for the judicial system to work effectively and properly.
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Everyone's entitled to a proper defense, so that's how it needs to function, and if you're just already assuming guilt and not actually going through the proper steps, then that's just one more step towards the downfall of the judicial system.
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Yeah Right, there are a lot of people who do what I do for a living who will not take criminal cases on the defense side because they think it's dirty or because they don't want to work with criminals or people that they assume are guilty.
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And I pass no judgment on my clients.
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The numbers are the numbers.
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I'm just there to find out the truth about the numbers and then testify about them.
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If we get that far, yeah, well, and as the person who wanted to be a prison warden coming full circle there.
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That seems like you know.
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You're still kind of in that same space of helping people and trying to improve people's lives.
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So it is that space.
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But you know, there are cases where I end up saying to the client and the attorney listen, I've gone through everything and you're actually looking even worse than the government is pointing you out to be, and so we might want to think about what we do next in terms of whether you might be wanting to accept a plea deal or something because I can't come and and assist in your defense.
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I'm actually I found more than they found that that happens.
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Yeah, would you ever work on the government side and you know if you're finding more than than they even came up with?
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I mean, that's kind of a good bargaining chip, if you ask me like hey.
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I used to work on the government side in cases.
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Sometimes I, several years ago, just chose not to anymore, only defense side when it comes to criminal cases.
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Yeah, interesting.
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Okay, I think most of our listeners are going to want the juicy goodness when it comes to planning for a divorce, going through a divorce, getting I mean nobody wins in a divorce, I think that's I mean most people would agree, right, even if people feel like, well, I gave her so much or he, you know he was fair, or whatever.
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It's like, yeah, you still didn't come out on top, you're still got divorced.
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Walk us through what you do in a divorce, regardless of if you know the man is the breadwinner, the woman is the breadwinner, whatever the relationship dynamic is like, what happens in that process when somebody comes to you, or or when should people come to you if there's a divorce kind of looming?
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So it's usually their attorney who comes to me, because the attorney is familiar with hiring experts and knows exactly what they need.
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And they're coming to me because the attorney is familiar with hiring experts and knows exactly what they need.
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And they're coming to me hopefully early on in the case.
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When you come late, when deadlines are looming, it makes it really hard for me to be able to do what I need to do.
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But it's hopefully early and it's probably a case where there's a pretty significant amount of money in play and there's some sort of complication.
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Maybe there's a business involved, maybe there's multiple pieces of real estate, maybe someone is self-employed, and that makes it difficult to figure out.
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Well, how much do they really make?
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You know, I've been involved in plenty of cases where the family was living a lifestyle that maybe costs two or $300,000 a year to live because they're traveling on and doing a lot of things.
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But when you look at their tax return, it says they're making $50,000 a year and the person who's hiring me says well, I know that that's not true because we did all these things and it costs all this money, and so I'm coming in to help them prove what money was coming out of a business to them that was funding that lifestyle.
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And so, in the most basic terms, what will happen is I will get a whole bunch of bank statements, credit card statements, investment account statements, and that's almost always my starting point, because I start going through those transactions to figure out what is the flow of money, what's going back and forth between accounts, how much is going out to pay the mortgage, how much was going out every year to go on vacations, and things like that.
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So you dig into the statements.
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Do you have a hard time getting access?
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Or because you're working with the attorneys?
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They're going to make that happen, even if somebody doesn't want to be compliant and providing all those details.
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Because they're in a litigation process.
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They can send subpoenas to the banks and credit card companies to get those statements Now.
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Attorneys generally want to first start out by asking the other side for statements and playing nice about it.
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It's less expensive if they willingly give it up.
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My caution there is oftentimes this creates delays If you have a noncompliant spouse.
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One of their favorite things to do is not turn over account statements and then keep saying they're coming, they're coming, they're coming, and we can waste months waiting for account statements.
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Attorneys will typically request them, give a 30-day deadline.
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The deadline passes, they'll request them again and give another 30-day deadline and keep doing this over and over.
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My approach to this and what I recommend when attorneys are open to the input.
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My approach is ask them once, give them whatever time period you normally do.
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If they don't turn them over, give them a reminder with a much shorter time period to comply because your date had already passed.
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And once they miss that second date, we go straight to subpoenaing the bank.
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It's going to cost the client a few hundred dollars probably to subpoena a bank, but we're going to get the documents, usually within about a month.
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Ooh, even after the subpoena it still is going to take a month.
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So everything takes a long time take a month.
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So everything takes a long time.
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The thing is that in this day and age, with it all being electronic in the old days it took much longer because they had to go research this all on microfiche and pull up things by hand.
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Now it really is a matter of someone at the bank typing in the correct information in the system to pull out what we need.
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I have seen subpoenas be returned in a week or two, but I usually tell clients plan on about a month.
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Worst case scenario, six weeks.
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If there's a really large volume of documents that the bank needs to get, they may advise us that it's going to take two months or something like that.
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Okay, what about in the events of like you don't know what you don't know?
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So what if?
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What about hidden accounts and secret accounts or offshore accounts, like, how do you navigate that?
00:19:22.690 --> 00:19:26.234
I'm so glad you asked that because it always goes there.
00:19:26.234 --> 00:19:29.487
There's there's two different ways to investigate.
00:19:29.487 --> 00:19:37.123
There's what I call the wild goose chase, and then there's the investigation that's very document based and I do, for the most part, the very document based one.
00:19:37.123 --> 00:19:39.376
We are starting with the accounts that we know about and I do, for the most part, the very document based one.
00:19:39.376 --> 00:19:45.400
We are starting with the accounts that we know about and almost always those hidden accounts end up being revealed.
00:19:45.400 --> 00:19:47.446
And it's really simple how it happens.
00:19:47.446 --> 00:19:52.785
Someone makes a transfer to an account out of our joint checking account, voila.
00:19:52.785 --> 00:19:55.070
We know there's another bank, we know there's another account.
00:19:55.070 --> 00:19:56.342
We send a subpoena there.
00:19:56.342 --> 00:20:08.069
And I always say it's like you know, when you have a sweater that has a little piece of yarn sticking out and if you pull it, the whole sweater is going to start unraveling, all I need is one of those pieces, and usually we can find a lot.
00:20:08.069 --> 00:20:11.325
That wild goose chase, there's value in it.
00:20:11.325 --> 00:20:13.048
I'm just not the person to do it.
00:20:13.048 --> 00:20:19.667
I will do it's kind of like doing a really fancy background check and I can do a very basic background check.
00:20:19.688 --> 00:20:24.075
But there are private investigators who specialize in doing this stuff for divorce.
00:20:24.075 --> 00:20:39.480
And so what they're going to do is collect from you like a brain dump from you Tell me everything about your ex and who he's doing business with and what business entities he has and maybe where some real estate was owned and where he lived previously and all these sorts of things.
00:20:39.480 --> 00:20:52.094
And then they start pulling at those threads, looking through the databases and things that they have access to, and that's how we're going to uncover a piece of real estate somewhere usually, or another business venture.
00:20:52.094 --> 00:20:58.432
Things get interesting like he has done business with so-and-so who's a good friend of his.
00:20:58.432 --> 00:21:05.549
Well, the private investigator might start looking at that friend and then suddenly find, oh, they have this other business venture together that you never knew about.
00:21:05.549 --> 00:21:08.887
So those are kind of the two ways that we go about this.
00:21:09.569 --> 00:21:19.929
Okay, when it comes to uncovering money right from your social media, I gather that a lot of times and let's just call the spade the spade.
00:21:19.929 --> 00:21:23.047
I'm sure it happens more with the man trying to hide money.
00:21:23.047 --> 00:21:30.115
I know, you know there's all sorts of bad people who come in all genders and it is what it is.
00:21:30.115 --> 00:21:36.800
But for today's conversation we're going to say the man is hiding money, or the man is saying, well, I actually don't make this much.
00:21:36.800 --> 00:21:43.191
Or you know the business, you're always paying the business back, so the W-2 is not going to show very much.
00:21:43.191 --> 00:21:45.134
How do you overcome?
00:21:45.134 --> 00:21:48.164
Oh no, there actually is money here, right?
00:21:48.164 --> 00:21:55.569
I think you recently posted something about you know the company car and the company trips and like this, it all has value.
00:21:55.569 --> 00:21:56.853
So how do you uncover that?
00:21:57.401 --> 00:22:01.211
It all has value and there's always documentation behind it.
00:22:01.211 --> 00:22:06.211
So the key to unraveling this no matter if you have an expert, you don't have an expert.
00:22:06.211 --> 00:22:11.893
It's all about evidence and facts, getting account statements, getting information.
00:22:11.893 --> 00:22:17.761
So the thing you mentioned when someone has a company car or certain perks from their company, yes, there's value there.
00:22:17.761 --> 00:22:23.250
We can get that information by having the attorney send subpoenas to their employer.
00:22:23.692 --> 00:22:31.030
We ask for records from HR and from payroll and you might end up with a copy of an employment contract.
00:22:31.030 --> 00:22:40.642
You might end up with information on a stock option plan that you didn't know you had before, and it's all about adding all of these things up.
00:22:40.642 --> 00:22:58.430
When it comes to you know money that is being spent by us personally but isn't showing up on the W-2, then it's a matter of looking at our bank statements and credit card statements and figuring out what did we spend on our lifestyle and then being able to present that in court.
00:22:58.430 --> 00:22:59.832
If we have to right.
00:22:59.832 --> 00:23:08.193
Here is the proof the account statements that show, on a monthly basis, this is what we spent on average.